The Linguistic Acquisition Device Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Linguistic Acquisition Device - Essay Example He was able to give an evident account of the case of Victor of Aveyron who showed severe difficulty in developing language skills after years of isolation in the woods where he only interacted with animals. Subsequent observed improvement in language acquisition by Victor of Aveyron and a similar case of Genie in the United States seemed to provide reliable backup towards the theories of Chomsky. In the two cases of feral children, isolation from human interaction at childhood was attributed to the slow rate of language acquisition. The film Secret of the wild child is a reflection of how one United States girl commonly known as Genie was discovered in 1970 after suffering from physical abuse over a decade of isolation. The ensuing efforts to make her learn language proved difficult to achieve and this led to the advance element of Critical Period Hypothesis. In this theory, it is emphasized that there is a period mostly from infancy to adolescence when a human being has the highest potential of gaining native language competency. Outside this time limit, a child will experience severe difficulty in learning a language. The case of Genie who was discovered having been isolated for more than the critical age was an evidence of this research finding. This theory further asserts why adults find it difficult to learn the language than children as they have exceeded the critical period. After 13 years of isolation and deprivation, the mother of Genie left her abusive husband.Her mother, grandmother and herself had gone into the Social Welfare office in Temple City, California, to learn about resources for the blind in November 1970. It is at this point that a social worker grew curious over the possibly abnormal posture of the young girl who also looked younger than her actual age. The social worker’s initial thought of autism of the girl compelled her to enquire and subsequently.

Research current regulations concerning head injuries Essay

Research current regulations concerning head injuries - Essay Example The football associations are holding discussions to allow players to be putting on helmets during the game. The regulation concerning the helmet prohibits an opponent from holding a players helmet and pulling the head around. This rule is meant to protect the players from neck injuries and possible impairment. Another rule concerning the head injury is the rule that prohibits an opponent player blind block on a challenger’s head. The head is a delicate part of the body hence the rule that protects the receiver of the ball from being tackled by the head. The tackle to the head may be head to head, hand to head incident, or foot to head incident. All these tackles result in head injuries and sometimes lead to concussions. Head injuries may lead to concussions or damages to the brain and even deaths. The regulations governing head injuries in football are being developed because of the consequences of the injuries (Nelson, 354-401). Players who get head injuries suffer at a later date from dementia, short term memory, and brain diseases. Another rule governing the head injury requires a player who shows signs of concussion like dizziness to remain out of the field that day. After a concussion, there are regulations which are followed before a player is allowed to play again. A player who is unconscious must be evaluated by the doctor before he is allowed back to the field. The players are kept off the field until they show no symptoms of concussion. In addition to that the regulations require an independent neurologist to examine the player instead of the team doctor. The regulations also require that a player who has suffered concussion cannot return to the field until after one day. The rules also require all the players to have a full awareness of the severity of concussions. The rules do not prescribe the maximum number of concussions, but that depends on the coach and player. Every

Factors that influence the demand for mobile phones

Factors that influence the demand for mobile phones In the current competitive economy, any entities from non profit to multinational organizations that are considered as cash cow are in high demand for economic knowledge to survive. Economic system is the system by which the economy is organized. In this paper we are going to discuss about different types of economic systems, their variety, advantages and disadvantages. Function of price in market economy A market economy or free market economy is an economy in which the allocation for resources is determined only by their supply and the demand for them (J.Stanely Johnson, Introduction to economic analysis P1-1).In Market economy The price of goods plays a crucial role in determining an efficient distribution of resources .Price acts as a signal for shortages and surpluses which help firms respond to changing market conditions. In a market economy Price is determined by demand and supply, for example when there is a low price for a good it means the demand is low. However in market economy price for abundant goods never gets high to a critical point due to the fact of consumer sovereignty environment which consumers are the rulers for suppliers. Figure: 01(Demand chart). Describes the demand relationship with quantity and Price Source: http://bit.ly/1LhnYp As it is observed in figure 01; P1and Q1 interception determines a good with high demand and low quantity so the price is at the highest peak. In opposite side of the Demand law there is supply law. Figure: 02(supplys chart) describes the supply relation with price and quantity Source: http://bit.ly/1LhnYp As it is shown in supplys chart when the price is high for a product, supply will increase accordingly. And on the other hand equilibrium or balance will happen. As bellow Figure: 03(equilibrium chart) describes How supply, demand, price and quantity are stable Source: http://bit.ly/1LhnYp Figure 03, determines how supply is dictated by price. Role of other factors like excess demand and excess supply are not declinable in determining the price in a market economy but is out of this papers capacity. Market economy Vs command market Command economy is an economy system that all economic activity is regulated by the government, formerly in China and the Soviet Union are two appropriate examples for such economic system. There are two opposite approaches to an economys operation.   The command economy is Hierarchy from top to down, and centrally planned economy of socialism (Roberts, Paul Craig and Karen Lafollette, Melt down: Inside the soviet economy, Cato institute ,PP12-13)   The market economy is the divided economy of the market economy.   The most tangible difference between the two is the existence of private property in the market economy and the absence of private property in the command economy. The belief about command economy is that it is planned and organized while market economy is unplanned.  Contradiction to this view is the fact that market economy is very intelligently planned via consumer demand through the price system. Moreover, for five reasons the command economy is doomed. First, effort to plan an entire economy by a main decision making body is ineffective as the bulk of task is tremendous.  That is impossible that a board of few hundred planners could know the needs, conditions of resource availability, and localized knowledge spread throughout an economy. Second, the command economy motivation factor eventually is based on force and compulsion.  The main element in an economic system is in fact people; therefore controlling an economy is first and foremost control of people.  Unfortunately human motivation is reduced when force is used in any area which dooms that entity to end. Third, the command economy is based on collectivism which means collective control over production and distribution.   Individual encouraging is absent. For example, with ten employees in an economy each will receive one out of tenth of total output.   If one person neglects, his loss is only one of tenth of the production he would have produced.  So the loss for an entity with a population of millions is dramatic and sometimes irreversible .It turns out that everyone is trying to live at the expense of others and accordingly production efficiency and effectiveness both will reduce. Four, the incentive for production is to satisfy the political authorities who have control over the workers life.   In contrast to the market, where production is relied on consumers demand, consumer is not a vital factor to the command economy. And last but not least, economic risks are much likely to be higher in command market in compare with market economy, failures such as excess demand and excess supply are more likely to be less or at least are not as intense as command market as consumers demand plays a vital role in market economy and is more manageable. Command economy has advantages as well such as bellow Government removes all private contributors and tries to contribute products equally. In this way poverty level will be reduced and there is equal income. Social services are also emphasized in this type of economy. Command economy has capability of fast changes in major problems. For example if a company has to be shifted it will be fast as government has the whole power. Practically bankruptcy does not exist under the command of government and if there is a loss in any enterprise it will be compensated by other resources that are under command of government. For example if any entity has loss and is in need of cash government is responsible for cash injection. In overall every economy system has its own advantage and disadvantages, the current economy paces are toward capitalism which might be the answer to all of prayers. Even though there is no pure market economy systems used in the world and are most considered as mixed economy but still changes are toward capitalism and countries with the background of command economy have taught us that consumer demand is most important factor in economy which its ignorance causes the failure of the whole system. Source: http://alturl.com/37gwd Factors that influence the demand for mobile phones Mobile phone markets are one of the most turbulent market environments today, due to increased competition and change. So it is important to look at consumers decision process and recognize the factors that determine the consumers choice between various brands of mobile phones. Factors that influence the demand for mobile phones are vary; we try to cover some of the most important. Technology: twenty century is the communication century, every day new phones by new features are produced, when there is a new technology or feature is added to mobile phones it will increase the demand, as an example for technology, when a technology like Bluetooth started to be added to new phones, demand for the phones with this technology increased, or for new feature like camera the demand increased. Nowadays mobile phone companies are using societal marketing concept as their marketing plans, which means they focus on consumer needs, while some companies like apple go even further than this concept and determine new needs for customers by invention and technology. They create something in a manner that goes higher than demand and become a need which is described as state of felt deprivation. While demand is described as human wants based on their purchasing power. Environment, as the world is leading to globalization, environment plays a critical role in determining the demand, as long as a person is in an environment that is affected by a product he/she will get affected by that product, for example resistance to change is much lesser in an environment that is commonly agree on the demand of a product. Usage of Price elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand in phone companies Price elasticity of demand is measured by the responsiveness (or sensitivity) of consumers to a price change, according to Campbell McConnell and Stanley Brue (2004, p.356). The price elasticity of demand tool could be used to assess the several pricing plan to determine if the price should be reduced to attract more consumers, or to increase the price while making the product more attractive and more features to make it better bargain. This way also they can realize how elastic is their supplies. It also could dictate that different phones have different potential in elasticity, for example Nokia company Produces N series and E series, then company realizes the E series are highly elastic while N series are more likely to be inelastic in compare with the E series, so Company increase the production of N series while the price is stable, and lowers the production of E series in order to prevent the risk of excess supply. Income elasticity of demand isthe ratio of proportional increase in quantity demanded to proportional increase in income, with all prices held constant. A luxury is a good with an income elasticity of demand in excess of unity.  [1]   According to income elasticity of demand companies can estimate the future prices and production. As income elasticity is more likely to be effective in luxury goods companies can determine also the quality of the goods. As the world economy faced the recession and has just getting out of trough phase is recovering itself which means that in future we will face the peak or economy boom, it is when consumers purchasing power increases and are more likely to intend toward quality rather than quantity. That is when Income elasticity of demand tool could help the companies to determine whether they could increase the quality and/or price and/or quantity accordingly. For example Sony Ericson realizes that demand toward its expensive product is increasing opposed to its highly affordable cell phones. This determines that economy now has the potential for a higher demand especially on expensive products. Conclusion In overall doctrine of elasticity in economy helps supplier to understand, interact and connect to consumer. It helps you to have a communion with economic and its factors, also has an important role in planning and even marketing in an organization. A Company Like AirAsia that in the trough of recession Was The only airline that had a 271% ahead of pre tax level profit in the first quarter of 2004 (Fourth quarter repot 2005, Airasia  [2]  ), While all of the other companies only suffering from loss. Such companies like AirAsia have won their ticket by futuristic and planning using doctrine of elasticity analysis. It shows no company no matter how big needs to have planning and analyze in all its area and aspects.

Essay --

Revolutionary War Essay There were so many famous spies that were involved in the revolutionary war, and helped tremendously. The British and the Colonist had spies that did work against each side. Benjamin Franklin was not only an inventor he was also a spy he went to England multiple times and spied on parliament for the Colonist. His family was loyal to the crown so he could get in and out without being suspicious or raising any alarm. Nathan Hale was also a major spy who made a difference in the war. He only had one mission as a spy, because he was caught. His occupation was being a school teacher in England, while being the school teacher he would collect his notes on what he saw that would help the Colonist. As he was going to a meeting to give the information he wrote down to the Americans he was caught. He thought that the boat arriving was the Americans when really it was the British, and when they stopped for him they searched him. While searching him they found the papers with the inform ation he collected from spying and was arrested. He was then sentenced to hang the next day, and his tragic death would inspire the nation as he was more a martyr then a spy. Then we can’t forgot the most famous and traitorous British spy Benedict Arnold. Congress made Benedict Arnold angry, and he decided to trade secretly with the British. He was very helpful to the British, because he was close to Washington. His mailman was then found eventually with a letter to the British general, and was beheaded. Arnold then heard of his mailman’s death, so he fled to England and was awarded for his services. Men weren’t the only ones spying there were also women spies. There was a woman named Miss Jenny who was a British ... ...hen she would do her laundry if she left a white sheet up, then it meant there was a letter to be picked up. These spies used so many different codes and strategies that were very difficult to interpret, and kept them in the dark from the country they were spying on. Spies had to have amazing memorization skills, because of the codes. Types of coded writing were numbers that stood for different meanings like certain numbers would mean George Washington, fort, attack etc. The spies would also have silver containers that could be swallowed to keep the information from being found at blockades. That takes some serious dedication, because swallowing a silver container could be detrimental to their health. These spies went to extreme measures to not get caught, and if they were they would rarely break and give up the information and that takes determination.

A Comparison between Eastern and Western Philosophy Essay

Have you thought about the question—â€Å"Is the world around us knowable?† For most Westerners, the answer is positive. But if you ask a Chinese the same question, you would get the reply like: â€Å"I don’t know.† or â€Å"Does it matter?† The reason behind it is the difference between Eastern and Western philosophy. A variety of philosophy schools around the world have pondered these kinds of philosophical problems for thousands years and some of them are highly representative (like Confucianism for Eastern and Platonism for Western). Though they are confronted with the same questions, the focal points are usually different from each other, which is caused by the disparity of their opinions toward the importance of philosophical problems. Western philosophy can be divided into Ancient Greek philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy and contemporary philosophy, while Eastern philosophy includes Chinese philosophy, Indian philosophy, Japan ese philosophy etc. There is no doubt that the similarities between them are obvious, yet the focus of Eastern philosophy is in society whereas Western’s is in universe. Because the understanding from a single side is always partial, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the major differences between the focus and methodology of Eastern and Western philosophy traditions and explain the possible causes behind it. When it comes to philosophy, Eastern philosophers take an individual inner world as starting point and put the principles of social life at the first place while Westerners will speculate on it from a universal perspective and try to figure out the principles behind the world. As Fung (1984) states that from a philosophical perspective, the highest achievement a man could realize is to be a sage and the daily task of dealing with social affairs in human relations is a part of the process of being a sage. However, for Western philosophers, they are inclined to put the origin of all things in the universe at first place, and then analyze how the world works. As Windelband (1956) illustrates, the history of Western philosophy is â€Å"an i nsight into the origin of European science in general†, which shows the reason behind Western philosophers’ preference. This difference also appears in Eastern and Western philosophy’s attitudes toward politics. In the ancient period, both Eastern and Western philosophers played the role of policy maker. Dong Zhongshu, who is one of the most successful Confucian in political area in  Chinese history (as his theories had been taken as the general embodiment of the policy of running the country), put forward the â€Å"Three cardinal guides (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife)† and â€Å"Five constant virtues (benevolence righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity)† to help emperor Wu to strengthen his domination (Queen, 1996). All of these principles are highly related to social life since Dong believes the core of philosophy is humanity and the society needs to be ordered by regulating people’s social life. Similarly, Plato, who is a representative figure of ancient Greek philosophy, also offered his political opinions, which is highly relat ed to his theory of forms. As for Plato, the structure of a state is similar to a human body. The workers represent the abdomen; the warriors represent the chest and the philosopher kings represent the head, which are corresponding to productive, protective and governing respectively (Gaarder, 1996). It is noticeable to point out that while the Confucians’ political view is based on human nature since they take individual citizen as the basic unit of society, Platonism tries to analyze the structure of a state from a general perspective, which is focus on a general perspective. The difference between the methodology of Eastern and Western philosophy is also a big concern. As Spirkin concluded that â€Å"Methodology is a system of principles and general ways of organizing and structuring theoretical and practical activity, and also the theory of this system.† Nonetheless, there is no concept like methodology that appears in most Eastern philosophy classics. There are famous Chinese philosophical classics like the Analects of Confucius and Tao Te Ching, which are not monumental masterpieces but express their ideas through a philosopher’s sayings and behaviors. Does that mean there is no methodology in Eastern philosophy? The fact is the methodology of Eastern a nd Western philosophy is extremely different from each other and we cannot use the definition of Western philosophy to judge Eastern philosophy. As Easterners do not have a system of principles and methods to solve problems, they take the principles of social life as methodology, which can be summarized as doctrine of the mean. In contras, Western philosophy has a set of theories of reasoning (like syllogism and deductive reasoning), which can form people’s decisive mind habit. As Hamilton and Webster (2009) states in their book about culture difference â€Å"Difference in approach can also be seen in negotiations.Ð ¸Westerners expect to focus on contentious issues and try to achieve the most beneficial outcomes for themselves. In contrast, the Japanese prefer to discuss areas of agreement, with the expectation that harmony will lead to the resolution of details.† In other words, as a result of putting high value on social relationship, the methodology of Eastern philosophy comes from predecessors’ experiences and people chronically take other’s feeling into consideration, whereas Westerners usual ly take themselves as starting points, advocate independent and rational thoughts as well. For another instance, both Eastern and Western world had experienced a lot of reforms, but the leader of the reform would take totally different approaches. During the period of hundred day’s reform, which happened in China in 1898, Kang YouWei, who is the leader of this reform, spread his ideas of reform by annotating Confucius classics (Karl and Zarrow, 2002). Likewise, there is also a famous reform that happened in France in 1800s—the Age of enlightenment. The leaders of this reform set up their own theories of society and pointed their arrows toward feudal class directly (Dora, 1979), which is extremely different from Kang’s approach. One of the greatest reasons for the difference between Eastern and Western philosophy is geography. As Windelband (1956) notes, the history of the philosophy of the Greeks, like the history of their political development, requires a larger conception of its political relations would imply. This shows that geography plays a significantly important role in the development of philosophy. Generally speaking, the two main sources of Eastern philosophy—China and India—are ag riculture countries. â€Å"There are two expressions in the Chinese language which can both be translated as the world. One is ‘all beneath the sky’ and the other is ‘all within the four seas’.† (Fung, 1948). As agriculture activities are regular and predicable, Easterners prefer to believe past experience rather than abstract principles. That’s why the sayings and behaviors of a sage can be the best philosophy lesson for Easterners—because they are specific and comprehendible. And yet, Western countries are very close to ocean. As Windelband (1956) cites homer â€Å"The natural link of the three great continents was this sea, with its islands and coasts occupied by the most gifted of people, which from the earliest historical times had settled all its coasts.† As a result, most Western countries are highly commercialized and industrialized. Innovation and  breakthrough are always greatly required, which means only the theories based on logic and reasoning can be valued. As Confucius once said, â€Å"The wise move; the good stay still. The wise are happy; the good endure† (Confucius and James, 2010). Though it is not his original meaning, this saying shows th e difference between the personality of the ancient Chinese and Greeks from a geographical perspective. Let’s move back to the question at the beginning—â€Å"Is the world around us knowable?† The different answers toward it imply the real reasons behind the differences between Eastern and Western philosophy and that is the ways they look the world. While Easterners pay attention to the balance of the inner world, Westerners are trying to conquer the outside world. This is why Westerners will say â€Å"Yes† to this question because they have achieved a lot of accomplishments in discovering the secrets of the world already. But for most Easterners they pay more attention to their daily life and relationships with others, which make them cannot respond to this question with a certain answer. Both the differences of emphasis and methodology can be explained from this perspective. To a great extent, geographical factors contributed enormously to this process and sometimes make the gap grow. Eastern and Western philosophy need to learn from each other, as it is t he only way to recognize the advantages and disadvantages of themselves. We all have a belief that he different philosophy will melt with each other rather than against in the future.

New Baby

New Baby The day my niece, Hailey, was born was probably the most exciting day of my life. Being nine years old, the youngest of four, and knowing my mom wasn’t going to have any more kids I felt as if I was gaining a sister instead of a niece. I had been continuously asking my mom for a baby sister and the answer I received was always a no. It was a Sunday afternoon when my sister decided to sit the whole family down and make her big announcement. We could all tell she was nervous to say whatever it was she was going to say.The look on her face and the way she was twiddling with fingers let us know that whatever she had to say was going to be a huge deal. It took her a few minutes to finally muster up the courage to get out what she had to say, but when she revealed to our family that she was expecting, I, unlike my parents, was ecstatic! Everyone else just looked at her in disbelief, while I on the other hand looked at her with a giant smile on my face. Immediately, the firs t words that came out of my mouth was, â€Å"Is it a boy or girl?! † hoping she said a girl of course.She looked at me confused, as if she was expecting me to be upset that there was going to be a baby coming into our house to steal my â€Å"baby of the family† shine. That didn’t matter to me though; I just wanted someone to play with and to teach things to. I mean, I had older siblings to play with but the chances of playing dolls or kitchen with my older brothers was usually slim to none. As for my sister, well she’s ten years older than me, so there wasn’t much hope there either. I was already imagining all the stuff we could do.We would play dolls and house together, we’d play in the tree house in the backyard, we’d make forts out of blankets in the living room, there was just so many things that I wanted to play but would end up doing alone. There wasn’t much anyone else said, beside the forced-like â€Å"Congratulations. † My parents didn’t say much at all, they weren’t thrilled at the idea of my sister having a child at eighteen but they also didn’t yell at her because they knew it wasn’t going to change anything. Later that night my mom asked me, â€Å"So what do you think about what your sister told us earlier? â€Å"I’m so excited! † I replied, â€Å"I can’t wait to have someone to play with and do stuff with! † â€Å"You know you’re not going to get as much attention as you get now, right? † She told me. â€Å"We’re not going to be able to buy you very many toys anymore, your sister is going to need all the help she can get. † I have to admit hearing I wasn’t going to get any new toys was somewhat upsetting, but I got over it. All I wanted now was for my niece to arrive! As my sister grew bigger and bigger so did my excitement to finally see my baby niece.Nine months flew right by, and on February 15, 2002 my beautiful niece was born. Unfortunately I wasn’t allowed to go to the hospital when she was born, not only because I was too young but also because it was late at night, but I couldn’t sleep regardless. I was so anxious for my sister to come home with the baby; there was just no way I was going to sleep. I waited in the living room, hoping that someone would walk in through the front door. Finally, I see my parents come in and I run right past them wanting to make sure my sister was walking in with the baby behind them. To my disappointment she wasn’t.I turned around to ask my parents where she was but before I could say anything my mom smiled and said to me, â€Å"You’re sister is still at the hospital with the baby. She named her Hailey Hannah. † â€Å"Hailey Hannah. † I repeated, â€Å"I love it! † After that, my parents sent me off to bed but I still couldn’t sleep. I kept repeating Hailey’s name in my h ead, I even imagined myself telling everyone at school! â€Å"Hi Coach, I have a niece now. Her name is Hailey Hannah! Hey Summer I’m an aunt now, and my niece’s name is Hailey Hannah! Good Morning Mrs. Adams, my sister had a baby and her name is Hailey Hannah! † I loved it!I wanted to let everyone know that I had just become an aunt! I vowed to myself that I would be the best aunt I could be. I would play with her, help her with whatever she needed, look after her, protect her, and anything else I need to do to make her safe and happy. The next day the whole family woke up bright and early to go visit my sister and Hailey at the Hospital. I couldn’t wait! The anticipation was building as we walked into the hospital and walked towards the room where they were also waiting to see us all. As soon as I walked in the door, I saw my sister lying in bed holding my newborn niece.My heart was telling me to run towards them, jump on the bed, and lay there with the m both. My mind told me different. After all I didn’t want to be the first in the family to make her cry! So I kept calm, and walked over to them with the biggest smile that has ever been on my face. As I touched her soft little head she opened her eyes, looked up at me, and slightly smiled. It made me laugh because it made me think that she was just as happy to see me as I was I to see her. Now my Hailey is about to turn ten, and she is definitely my best friend and it really feels as if she’ is my little sister.She has grown so much and so fast that it’s hard to believe how much time has passed. I was there when she took her first bath, took her first steps, got her first haircut, and lost her first tooth. I’ve watched her dance at her dance recitals; I’ve cheered her on at her soccer games, and supported her when she sang with the choir at her elementary school. I’ve learned so much about myself from being with Hailey that I think sheâ₠¬â„¢s the reason why I love being around children so much and that I’ve chosen to major in Education in College. It’s safe to say that becoming an aunt is definitely the greatest event of my life.